Ubiquitination definition Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification process that plays a major role in protein degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in the process called ubiquitination, ubiquitylation, or molecular “kiss … Read more
Autophagy definition Autophagy (“auto” means self and “phagy” means eating) is the major non-apoptotic degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells and is required for the elimination of damaged organelles, proteins, and … Read more
Definition of lysosomal storage disease The lack of functional enzymes to regulate the excessive accumulation of their respective substrates has led to the emergence of genetic conditions known as lysosomal … Read more
Proteasome Definition The proteasome is a protein complex that plays a crucial role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis by degrading the misfolded or damaged protein molecules. Proteasome complex is involved … Read more
Marker enzymes definition: Marker enzymes are biomarkers, which are not frequent but limited to and synthesized by specific cell organelles. Hence, the marker enzymes are used to find and isolate … Read more
Lysosome Definition Lysosome is a membrane-enclosed cellular organelle that possesses distinct enzymes involved in the digestion of unwanted or damaged cellular polymers including proteins, DNA, RNA, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lysosomes … Read more
Mitochondria Definition Mitochondria are double membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles found in all eukaryotic cells. They respire to generate an energy-rich molecule, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), through the breakdown of carbohydrates and fatty … Read more
Genotype Definition A genotype is an inherent genetic property of living forms, that contains genes inherited from both the mother and father of the organism. The genotype determines the structural … Read more
mTOR Definition mTOR is a highly conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase enzyme, initially found in mammals. The activity of mTOR protein kinase can be inhibited by a drug, rapamycin, to reduce the … Read more
Prokaryotic DNA replication is an anabolic process by which prokaryotes duplicate their genomic DNA to transfer it to their daughter cells. DNA replication in prokaryotes especially in E. coli (model … Read more